我国中北亚热带优质烤烟烟区气候相似性分析          下载免费PDF全文

鞠英芹  陈正洪  马德栗  袁芳  刘军  曾琦  方怡 《应用气象学报》2022,33(6):736-747

利用1991—2020年我国中北亚热带不同烤烟烟区180个国家级气象站气候因子数据,根据影响优质烟叶生长发育的气候条件,分析气候差异性,探究烟叶生长发育的气象规律,应用主成分分析计算各气候因子的权重,依据气候相似原理,对湖北省两大烟区与周边烟区采用改进的欧氏距离作为相似度量指标,并与系统聚类结果进行相似性对比。结果表明:鄂西南、鄂西北、豫西、豫南、豫中、湘西、湘中烟区基本具备了生产优质烟叶的气候条件,除降水量外,其余各气候因子在不同发育期的差值伸根期最大,旺长期次之,成熟期最小。鄂西北和陕南烟区的气候因子最为接近,鄂西南和湘西、川东南烟区的气候因子具有高度相似性,从而为不同区域间借鉴生产经验、优化烤烟种植布局和开发特色优质烟叶提供理论依据。  相似文献   

黄淮地区触发对流天气的干线特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王金兰  俞小鼎  汤兴芝  于海敬  胡亮帆 《应用气象学报》2021,32(5):592-602

利用高空和地面观测、欧洲中期预报中心再分析资料（ERA5）以及卫星云图,统计2010—2019年4—9月我国黄淮地区触发对流天气的干线特征。结果表明:干线主要出现在山东德州附近和豫北周边地区,多呈准西北—东南向和准东北—西南向;长度集中在100~200 km,宽度在50~100 km;多出现在14:00（北京时,下同）或17:00;多发生在高空冷涡形势下,低层多有切变线（或辐合线）配合,地面多位于入海高压后部。地面气象要素统计显示:干线干侧温度较湿侧偏高1.9 ℃,湿侧露点温度较干侧偏高6.8 ℃,干线两侧温度梯度为-2.7 ℃·（100 km）-1,露点温度梯度为10.1 ℃·（100 km）-1,比湿梯度为5.9 g·kg-1·（100 km）-1。探空参数统计结果表明:干线湿侧大气可降水量略高于干侧,925 hPa,850 hPa和700 hPa湿侧比湿均大于干侧;对流有效位能湿侧平均值远大于干侧;干线两侧700 hPa,850 hPa与500 hPa温度差非常接近,即黄淮地区干线两侧对流有效位能的显著差异主要由干线两侧低层水汽条件差异造成,干线两侧条件不稳定度大致相当。  相似文献   

2015—2019年辽宁省暴雨红色预警信号分布及其特征     

刘静  陈传雷  严俊  王瀛  才奎志  任川  韩梅  董巍 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(1):100-105

利用2015—2019年辽宁省发布的暴雨红色预警信号和1605个自动站的分钟级降水资料,统计暴雨红色预警信号和短时大暴雨年际变化和时空分布,分析暴雨红色预警信号的高分布区、易发时段。结果表明：2015—2017年辽宁省暴雨红色预警信号发布站数逐年递增,最大值出现在2017年,发布站数为147个;2015—2018年预警信号准确率提升,提前时间略减少,最低值为2018年,提前时间为19 min;2019年比2018年暴雨红色预警信号发布站数减少59个,提前时间增加29 min;暴雨红色预警信号的空间分布为东南部地区多、中部地区少;暴雨红色预警信号多在夜间发布;在辽宁省发布的50%以上的暴雨红色预警信号中,降水量达到预警发布标准的时间滞后于最大雨强出现时间90 min,最大雨强出现时间为暴雨红色预警信号发布的重要指标。为了达到防灾减灾的服务效果,发布暴雨红色预警信号时,应充分考虑最大雨强出现时间、发布时机、短时大暴雨高发区及地形的影响。  相似文献   

Intercomparison of CRA-Interim Precipitation Products with ERA5 and JRA-55     

叶梦姝  姚秀萍  张涛  许小峰  王式功 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(2):136-147

By using the hourly data from surface meteorological stations in China, the 3-hour precipitation data from CRA-Interim (Chinese Reanalysis-Interim), ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis 5) and JRA-55 (Japanese Reanalysis-55) are compared, both on the spatial-temporal distributions and on bias with observation precipitation in China. The results show that: (1) The three sets of reanalysis datasets can all reflect the basic spatial distribution characteristics of annual average precipitation in China. The simulation of topographic forced precipitation in complex terrain by CRA-interim is more detailed, while CRA-interim has larger negative bias in central and East China, and larger positive bias in southwest China. (2) In terms of seasonal precipitation, the three sets of reanalysis datasets overestimate the precipitation in the heavy rainfall zone of spring and summer, especially in southwest China. CRA interim’s location of the rain belt in the First Rainy Season in South China is west by south, the summer precipitation has positive bias in southwest and South China. (3) All of the reanalysis datasets can basically reflect the distribution difference of inter-annual variation of drought and flood, but the overall the CRA-Interim generally shows negative bias, while the ERA5 and JRA-55 exhibit positive bias. (4) For the diurnal variation of precipitation in summer, all the reanalysis datasets perform better in simulating the daytime precipitation than in the night, and bias of CRA-interim is less in southeast and northeast than elsewhere. (5) ERA5 generally performs the best on the evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecast, the JRA-55 is the next, followed by the CRA-Interim. CRA-Interim has higher missing rate and lower threat score for heavy rains; however, at the level of downpour, the CRA-Interim performs slightly better.  相似文献   

气候学发展历程的回顾与若干启示     

杨萍  许小峰  王志强 《大气科学》2021,45(6):1249-1258

在人类对气候的漫长认知过程中,因涉及学科之广、贡献人物之多、关键事件之复杂导致后人试图完整准确地把握其脉络走向的努力极为困难。这就使得梳理古今中外几千年以来气候学的发展进程变得尤为重要,也成为气候学学科建设不可或缺的重要组成部分。本文试图在前人大量研究成果基础上,回顾气候学发展历程中的重要事件和关键人物,以时间脉络为主线,勾画出人类认识气候的基本轮廓,并以此为基础探讨其对当代气候学发展的启示。  相似文献   

不同计算形式的相关分析在气象中的应用综述     

朱玉祥  江剑民  赵亮  刘海文  侯美亭  李宏毅  万文龙  赵翠光 《热带气象学报》2021,37(1):1-13

相关分析在气象科研和业务中具有广泛应用,是定量分析气象变量之间关系的重要工具。首先系统综述了气象科研与业务中不同计算形式的相关分析算法,然后重点阐述了相关分析在气象领域应用的最新进展,特别是全窗口滑动相关和相关系数的扫描式多尺度突变检测算法。接着介绍了大数据研究领域中新发展的相关分析算法,简析了其对气象相关分析的启示。最后分析了气象相关分析中存在的问题,并且对相关分析在气象领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望。   相似文献   

考虑时滞效应的库区滑坡位移预测——以新铺滑坡为例     

王佳  朱鸿鹄  叶霄  李厚芝  张巍  程刚 《工程地质学报》2022,30(5):1609-1619

库区滑坡失稳每年不同程度影响区内人民生活和生产安全,滑坡位移精准预测对于灾害风险预警及防灾减灾十分重要。常规的位移预测方法未充分考虑降雨、库水位波动等诱发因素对滑坡变形的时滞效应,无法精确识别滞后天数及各因素的影响程度,制约了预测精度的提高。本文以三峡库区新铺滑坡为例,根据2021年度的位移监测与水文气象数据集,利用皮尔逊相关系数法定量描述了山坡尺度上降雨、库水位波动对滑坡变形的时滞效应,结合BP神经网络建立了一种考虑时滞效应的滑坡位移预测模型。分析结果表明:在山坡尺度上,库水位波动对地表变形的时滞效应明显,滞后时间呈现出从近岸向远岸逐渐增加的规律;降雨量对地表变形的时滞效应较弱,在山坡尺度上呈现相关度不高、滞后天数较短的规律;与未考虑时滞因素的模型相比,本研究中的滑坡位移预测模型拟合优度提升了55.77%,均方根误差降低了31.60%,模型预测精度显著提高。研究成果一定程度上揭示了特大型库区滑坡的变形机理,并为同类滑坡的位移精准预测提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

青海高原致灾性对流天气时空分布特征     

朱平  俞小鼎  王振会  肖建设 《干旱气象》2019,37(3):377-383

利用2005-2016年青海高原地面观测、灾情和卫星云图等资料,对青海高原致灾性对流天气进行筛选和分类,在此基础上分析了各类致灾性对流天气的时空分布特征及与地形的关系。结果表明:(1)青海高原致灾性对流主要有雷暴、短时强降水、冰雹以及混合类四种,集中分布于高原东部。(2)地形对致灾性对流的落区、频次和强度起关键作用。雷暴多产生于山区,短时强降水和冰雹主要产生在迎风坡、河谷和地势较开阔的低地。其中,青东农区以混合类和冰雹居多,青南牧区以混合类居多,环湖与祁连地区和柴达木盆地以短时强降水居多。(3)近12 a青海高原致灾性对流整体呈波动式减少,2005-2010年(前期)致灾性对流日数和次数较多,2011-2016年(后期)显著减少,但不同类型年际变化特征略有差异。其中,冰雹和雷暴日数前期较大,后期显著减少;混合类和短时强降水日数无明显变化趋势,但前者年际波动幅度较后者大。(4)致灾性对流主要产生于5-9月,各类型均呈现典型的单峰型月分布,混合类和冰雹日数及次数的峰值均在8月,雷暴日数和次数的峰值均在6月,而短时强降水日数和次数的峰值分别在8月、7月。(5)致灾性对流集中产生于13:00至次日01:00,高峰时段(16:00-20:00)以冰雹和混合类居多,而夜间时段以短时强降水居多。  相似文献   

Fusion of TerraSAR-x and Landsat ETM+ data for protected area mapping in Uganda     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

TerraSAR-X satellite acquires very high spatial resolution data with potential for detailed land cover mapping. A known problem with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is the lack of spectral information. Fusion of SAR and multispectral data provides opportunities for better image interpretation and information extraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the fusion between TerraSAR-X and Landsat ETM+ for protected area mapping using high pass filtering (HPF), principal component analysis with band substitution (PCA) and principal component with wavelet transform (WPCA). A total of thirteen land cover classes were identified for classification using a non-parametric C 4.5 decision tree classifier. Overall classification accuracies of 74.99%, 83.12% and 85.38% and kappa indices of 0.7220, 0.8100 and 0.8369 were obtained for HPF, PCA and WPCA fusion approaches respectively. These results indicate a high potential for a combined use of TerraSAR-X and Landsat ETM+ data for protected area mapping in Uganda.  相似文献   

Short‐ and long‐term evapotranspiration rates at ecological restoration sites along a large river receiving rare flow events          下载免费PDF全文

Margaret Shanafield  Hugo Gutiérrez‐Jurado  Jesús Eliana Rodríguez‐Burgueño  Jorge Ramírez‐Hernández  Christopher J. Jarchow  Pamela L. Nagler 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4328-4337

Many large rivers around the world no longer flow to their deltas, due to ever greater water withdrawals and diversions for human needs. However, the importance of riparian ecosystems is drawing increasing recognition, leading to the allocation of environmental flows to restore river processes. Accurate estimates of riparian plant evapotranspiration (ET) are needed to understand how the riverine system responds to these rare events and achieve the goals of environmental flows. In 2014, historic environmental flows were released into the Lower Colorado River at Morelos Dam (Mexico); this once perennial but now dry reach is the final stretch to the mighty Colorado River Delta. One of the primary goals was to supply native vegetation restoration sites along the reach with water to help seedlings establish and boost groundwater levels to foster the planted saplings. Patterns in ET before, during, and after the flows are useful for evaluating whether this goal was met and understanding the role that ET plays in this now ephemeral river system. Here, diurnal fluctuations in groundwater levels and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were used to compare estimates of ET specifically at 3 native vegetation restoration sites during 2014 planned flow events, and MODIS data were used to evaluate long‐term (2002–2016) ET responses to restoration efforts at these sites. Overall, ET was generally 0–10 mm d^?1 across sites, and although daily ET values from groundwater data were highly variable, weekly averaged estimates were highly correlated with MODIS‐derived estimates at most sites. The influence of the 2014 flow events was not immediately apparent in the results, although the process of clearing vegetation and planting native vegetation at the restoration sites was clearly visible in the results.  相似文献